• 1 Loading
  • 2 Primary Analysis Summary
  • SUCRA Rankings
  • 2.22 DEBUG
  • 3 Forest plots
  • 4 SUCRA
  • 5 Treatment consistency
  • 6 Heterogeneity
  • 7 Best treatment by outcome
  • 8 Summary
  • 9 APPENDIX

1 Loading

## Loading and correcting outcome data from: C:/Users/risha/OneDrive/Desktop/NMA
## ✓ Loaded and corrected: TST - Studies: 10 
## ✓ Loaded and corrected: SOL - Studies: 13 
## ✓ Loaded and corrected: WASO - Studies: 10 
## ✓ Loaded and corrected: PSQI - Studies: 8 
## ✓ Loaded and corrected: SE - Studies: 10

2 Primary Analysis Summary

## Treatments found: Ashwagandha, Melatonin-IR, Melatonin-PR, Tart-cherry, Valerian
## Treatments to display: Melatonin-IR, Ashwagandha, Melatonin-PR, Valerian, Tart-cherry
Table 1: Primary Analysis Results - Mean Differences vs Placebo
MD vs Placebo (95% CrI)
Outcome Studies Patients τ (95% CrI) DIC Melatonin-IR Ashwagandha Melatonin-PR Valerian Tart-cherry
TST ↑ 10 725 3.801 (0.154-23.570) NA 11.62 (-0.64 to 26.42) 10.61 (0.42 to 23.42) 6.96 (-8.04 to 21.65) 0.41 (-18.69 to 19.86) 28.93 (-3.89 to 62.94)
SOL ↓ 13 1107 1.266 (0.055-6.276) NA -6.31 (-10.83 to -2.27) -4.60 (-7.36 to -1.17) -7.92 (-13.47 to -2.50) -1.57 (-7.39 to 3.76) -2.26 (-13.65 to 9.08)
WASO ↓ 10 476 2.528 (0.383-12.346) NA -3.05 (-12.30 to 3.57) -2.38 (-8.65 to 3.14) -5.30 (-21.15 to 10.98) -5.18 (-14.69 to 6.39) -11.84 (-39.98 to 16.41)
PSQI ↓ 8 1036 0.623 (0.129-2.309) NA -0.75 (-1.83 to 1.27) -0.80 (-1.96 to 0.41) -0.63 (-1.94 to 0.77) -5.27 (-7.49 to -3.03) NA
SE ↑ 10 488 0.683 (0.033-3.132) NA 3.01 (0.65 to 5.39) 2.99 (1.18 to 4.54) 3.37 (-1.43 to 8.14) 0.55 (-3.44 to 4.41) 2.47 (-2.66 to 7.70)
Note:
↑ = Higher values are better (TST, SE)
↓ = Lower values are better (SOL, WASO, PSQI)
τ = Between-study heterogeneity
DIC = Deviance Information Criterion

SUCRA Rankings

## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for TST 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for SOL 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for WASO 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for PSQI 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for SE
Table 2: SUCRA Values (%) - Higher values indicate better ranking
Treatment TST ↑ SOL ↓ WASO ↓ PSQI ↓ SE ↑ Mean_SUCRA
Tart-cherry 89.4 43.5 75.3 NA 56.1 66.1
Melatonin-IR 68.0 78.1 60.2 46.5 67.6 64.1
Ashwagandha 62.2 57.0 52.6 52.5 67.6 58.4
Melatonin-PR 45.4 87.7 17.3 42.8 69.6 52.5
Valerian 20.8 11.7 68.7 99.7 26.2 45.4
Placebo 14.2 22.1 25.8 8.6 12.9 16.7

2.22 DEBUG

## === DEBUGGING DATA STRUCTURE ===
## Examining structure for: TST
## Available analyses:
## [1] "base_case"                       "sens_rob"                       
## [3] "sens_design"                     "sens_prior"                     
## [5] "sens_corr_Primary r0.5"          "sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2" 
## [7] "sens_corr_High correlation r0.8" "sens_magnesium"
## 
## 
## Structure of base_case:
##  [1] "outcome"            "analysis"           "n_studies"         
##  [4] "n_patients"         "tau_median"         "tau_lower"         
##  [7] "tau_upper"          "dic"                "effects_vs_placebo"
## [10] "sucra"
## 
## 
## Sample effects_vs_placebo:
##                  Placebo              Ashwagandha             Melatonin-IR 
##                "Placebo"  "10.61 (0.42 to 23.42)" "11.62 (-0.64 to 26.42)"
## 
## 
## Looking for 'analysis' field in base_case:
## [1] "Base case"

3 Forest plots

## 
## ## Sensitivity Analysis: Melatonin-IR

## 
## 
## ## Sensitivity Analysis: Ashwagandha

## 
## 
## ## Sensitivity Analysis: Melatonin-PR

## 
## 
## ## Sensitivity Analysis: Valerian

## 
## 
## ## Sensitivity Analysis: Tart-cherry

## 
## ## Summary of Forest Plots Created
## Total plots generated: 24
## Plots created for:
##   - Melatonin-IR_TST 
##   - Melatonin-IR_SOL 
##   - Melatonin-IR_WASO 
##   - Melatonin-IR_PSQI 
##   - Melatonin-IR_SE 
##   - Ashwagandha_TST 
##   - Ashwagandha_SOL 
##   - Ashwagandha_WASO 
##   - Ashwagandha_PSQI 
##   - Ashwagandha_SE 
##   - Melatonin-PR_TST 
##   - Melatonin-PR_SOL 
##   - Melatonin-PR_WASO 
##   - Melatonin-PR_PSQI 
##   - Melatonin-PR_SE 
##   - Valerian_TST 
##   - Valerian_SOL 
##   - Valerian_WASO 
##   - Valerian_PSQI 
##   - Valerian_SE 
##   - Tart-cherry_TST 
##   - Tart-cherry_SOL 
##   - Tart-cherry_WASO 
##   - Tart-cherry_SE

4 SUCRA

## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for TST 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for SOL 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for WASO 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for PSQI 
## Found pre-calculated SUCRA values for SE
Table 2: SUCRA Values (%) - Higher values indicate better ranking
Treatment TST ↑ SOL ↓ WASO ↓ PSQI ↓ SE ↑ Mean_SUCRA
Tart-cherry 89.4 43.5 75.3 NA 56.1 66.1
Melatonin-IR 68.0 78.1 60.2 46.5 67.6 64.1
Ashwagandha 62.2 57.0 52.6 52.5 67.6 58.4
Melatonin-PR 45.4 87.7 17.3 42.8 69.6 52.5
Valerian 20.8 11.7 68.7 99.7 26.2 45.4
Placebo 14.2 22.1 25.8 8.6 12.9 16.7

5 Treatment consistency

6 Heterogeneity

Table 4: Between-study Heterogeneity (τ)
Outcome Tau Lower Upper
50%…1 TST 3.801 0.154 23.570
50%…2 SOL 1.266 0.055 6.276
50%…3 WASO 2.528 0.383 12.346
50%…4 PSQI 0.623 0.129 2.309
50%…5 SE 0.683 0.033 3.132

7 Best treatment by outcome

## Debug: Available outcomes in sucra_comparison: TST, SOL, WASO, PSQI, SE 
## Debug: Number of rows: 29 
## 
## Debug: best_per_outcome dimensions: 15 x 5 
## Debug: Column names: Outcome, Rank, Treatment, SUCRA, Interpretation 
## 
## 
## ### Top treatments for PSQI 
## 
## Debug: Data for PSQI - Rows: 3 
## <table class="table table-striped" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
## <caption>PSQI: Reduced sleep disturbance</caption>
##  <thead>
##   <tr>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> Rank </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Treatment </th>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> SUCRA % </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Clinical Benefit </th>
##   </tr>
##  </thead>
## <tbody>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 1 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Valerian </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 99.7 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Reduced sleep disturbance </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Ashwagandha </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 52.5 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced sleep disturbance </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-IR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 46.5 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced sleep disturbance </td>
##   </tr>
## </tbody>
## </table>
## 
## ### Top treatments for SE 
## 
## Debug: Data for SE - Rows: 3 
## <table class="table table-striped" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
## <caption>SE: Increased sleep efficiency</caption>
##  <thead>
##   <tr>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> Rank </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Treatment </th>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> SUCRA % </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Clinical Benefit </th>
##   </tr>
##  </thead>
## <tbody>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 1 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Melatonin-PR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 69.6 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Increased sleep efficiency </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-IR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 67.6 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Increased sleep efficiency </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Ashwagandha </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 67.6 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Increased sleep efficiency </td>
##   </tr>
## </tbody>
## </table>
## 
## ### Top treatments for SOL 
## 
## Debug: Data for SOL - Rows: 3 
## <table class="table table-striped" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
## <caption>SOL: Reduced sleep onset latency</caption>
##  <thead>
##   <tr>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> Rank </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Treatment </th>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> SUCRA % </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Clinical Benefit </th>
##   </tr>
##  </thead>
## <tbody>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 1 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Melatonin-PR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 87.7 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Reduced sleep onset latency </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-IR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 78.1 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced sleep onset latency </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Ashwagandha </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 57.0 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced sleep onset latency </td>
##   </tr>
## </tbody>
## </table>
## 
## ### Top treatments for TST 
## 
## Debug: Data for TST - Rows: 3 
## <table class="table table-striped" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
## <caption>TST: Increased total sleep time</caption>
##  <thead>
##   <tr>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> Rank </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Treatment </th>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> SUCRA % </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Clinical Benefit </th>
##   </tr>
##  </thead>
## <tbody>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 1 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Tart-cherry </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 89.4 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Increased total sleep time </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-IR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 68.0 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Increased total sleep time </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Ashwagandha </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 62.2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Increased total sleep time </td>
##   </tr>
## </tbody>
## </table>
## 
## ### Top treatments for WASO 
## 
## Debug: Data for WASO - Rows: 3 
## <table class="table table-striped" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
## <caption>WASO: Reduced wake after sleep onset</caption>
##  <thead>
##   <tr>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> Rank </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Treatment </th>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> SUCRA % </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Clinical Benefit </th>
##   </tr>
##  </thead>
## <tbody>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 1 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Tart-cherry </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> 75.3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: darkgreen !important;"> Reduced wake after sleep onset </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Valerian </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 68.7 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced wake after sleep onset </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-IR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 60.2 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced wake after sleep onset </td>
##   </tr>
## </tbody>
## </table>
## 
## ### Overall Best Performers
## 
## <table class="table table-striped table-hover" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
## <caption>Best Treatment for Each Outcome</caption>
##  <thead>
##   <tr>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Outcome </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Best Treatment </th>
##    <th style="text-align:center;"> SUCRA % </th>
##    <th style="text-align:left;"> Clinical Benefit </th>
##   </tr>
##  </thead>
## <tbody>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> PSQI </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Valerian </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 99.7 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced sleep disturbance </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> SE </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-PR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 69.6 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Increased sleep efficiency </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> SOL </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Melatonin-PR </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 87.7 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced sleep onset latency </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> TST </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Tart-cherry </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 89.4 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Increased total sleep time </td>
##   </tr>
##   <tr>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> WASO </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Tart-cherry </td>
##    <td style="text-align:center;"> 75.3 </td>
##    <td style="text-align:left;"> Reduced wake after sleep onset </td>
##   </tr>
## </tbody>
## </table>

8 Summary

## ## Analysis Summary
## **Outcomes analyzed:** TST, SOL, WASO, PSQI, SE
## **Most consistent performer:** Tart-cherry 
##   - Mean SUCRA: 66.1%
##   - Consistency (CV): 30.8%
##   - Effective in 4/5 outcomes
## 
## **Average heterogeneity (τ):** 1.780
##   - Interpretation: High heterogeneity across outcomes
## 
## ## Key Findings
## 1. **Treatment Efficacy:** Based on SUCRA rankings, the most effective treatments overall are:
##    1. Tart-cherry (Mean SUCRA: 66.1%)
##    2. Melatonin-IR (Mean SUCRA: 64.1%)
##    3. Ashwagandha (Mean SUCRA: 58.4%)
## 
## 2. **Outcome-Specific Recommendations:**
##    - PSQI: Valerian (SUCRA: 99.7%)
##    - SE: Melatonin-PR (SUCRA: 69.6%)
##    - SOL: Melatonin-PR (SUCRA: 87.7%)
##    - TST: Tart-cherry (SUCRA: 89.4%)
##    - WASO: Tart-cherry (SUCRA: 75.3%)
## 
## 3. **Consistency of Evidence:**
## The following treatments showed consistent performance (CV < 30%):
##    - Melatonin-IR, Ashwagandha
## 
## **Results saved to:** C:/Users/risha/OneDrive/Desktop/NMA/consolidated_results.rds

9 APPENDIX

## ## Sensitivity Analysis Coverage
## ###  TST 
## Analyses performed: base_case, sens_rob, sens_design, sens_prior, sens_corr_Primary r0.5, sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2, sens_corr_High correlation r0.8, sens_magnesium 
## 
##   - base_case: 10 studies, 725 patients
##   - sens_rob: 10 studies, 725 patients
##   - sens_design: 6 studies, 619 patients
##   - sens_prior: 10 studies, 725 patients
##   - sens_corr_Primary r0.5: 10 studies, 725 patients
##   - sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2: 10 studies, 725 patients
##   - sens_corr_High correlation r0.8: 10 studies, 725 patients
##   - sens_magnesium: 11 studies, 768 patients
## 
## ###  SOL 
## Analyses performed: base_case, sens_rob, sens_design, sens_prior, sens_corr_Primary r0.5, sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2, sens_corr_High correlation r0.8, sens_magnesium 
## 
##   - base_case: 13 studies, 1107 patients
##   - sens_rob: 13 studies, 1107 patients
##   - sens_design: 7 studies, 953 patients
##   - sens_prior: 13 studies, 1107 patients
##   - sens_corr_Primary r0.5: 13 studies, 1107 patients
##   - sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2: 13 studies, 1107 patients
##   - sens_corr_High correlation r0.8: 13 studies, 1107 patients
##   - sens_magnesium: 14 studies, 1150 patients
## 
## ###  WASO 
## Analyses performed: base_case, sens_rob, sens_design, sens_prior, sens_corr_Primary r0.5, sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2, sens_corr_High correlation r0.8 
## 
##   - base_case: 10 studies, 476 patients
##   - sens_rob: 10 studies, 476 patients
##   - sens_design: 5 studies, 338 patients
##   - sens_prior: 10 studies, 476 patients
##   - sens_corr_Primary r0.5: 10 studies, 476 patients
##   - sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2: 10 studies, 476 patients
##   - sens_corr_High correlation r0.8: 10 studies, 476 patients
## 
## ###  PSQI 
## Analyses performed: base_case, sens_rob, sens_design, sens_prior, sens_corr_Primary r0.5, sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2, sens_corr_High correlation r0.8 
## 
##   - base_case: 8 studies, 1036 patients
##   - sens_rob: 8 studies, 1036 patients
##   - sens_design: 8 studies, 1036 patients
##   - sens_prior: 8 studies, 1036 patients
##   - sens_corr_Primary r0.5: 8 studies, 1036 patients
##   - sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2: 8 studies, 1036 patients
##   - sens_corr_High correlation r0.8: 8 studies, 1036 patients
## 
## ###  SE 
## Analyses performed: base_case, sens_rob, sens_design, sens_prior, sens_corr_Primary r0.5, sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2, sens_corr_High correlation r0.8, sens_magnesium 
## 
##   - base_case: 10 studies, 488 patients
##   - sens_rob: 10 studies, 488 patients
##   - sens_design: 4 studies, 298 patients
##   - sens_prior: 10 studies, 488 patients
##   - sens_corr_Primary r0.5: 10 studies, 488 patients
##   - sens_corr_Low correlation r0.2: 10 studies, 488 patients
##   - sens_corr_High correlation r0.8: 10 studies, 488 patients
##   - sens_magnesium: 11 studies, 531 patients
## 
## ## Session Information
## R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13 ucrt)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
## Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 26100)
## 
## Matrix products: default
##   LAPACK version 3.12.1
## 
## locale:
## [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.utf8 
## [2] LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.utf8   
## [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.utf8
## [4] LC_NUMERIC=C                           
## [5] LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.utf8    
## 
## time zone: Europe/London
## tzcode source: internal
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
##  [1] patchwork_1.3.1  gridExtra_2.3    kableExtra_1.4.0 lubridate_1.9.4 
##  [5] forcats_1.0.0    stringr_1.5.1    dplyr_1.1.4      purrr_1.1.0     
##  [9] readr_2.1.5      tidyr_1.3.1      tibble_3.3.0     ggplot2_3.5.2   
## [13] tidyverse_2.0.0 
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] gtable_0.3.6       jsonlite_2.0.0     compiler_4.5.1     tidyselect_1.2.1  
##  [5] xml2_1.3.8         jquerylib_0.1.4    textshaping_1.0.1  systemfonts_1.2.3 
##  [9] scales_1.4.0       yaml_2.3.10        fastmap_1.2.0      R6_2.6.1          
## [13] labeling_0.4.3     generics_0.1.4     knitr_1.50         svglite_2.2.1     
## [17] bslib_0.9.0        pillar_1.11.0      RColorBrewer_1.1-3 tzdb_0.5.0        
## [21] rlang_1.1.6        cachem_1.1.0       stringi_1.8.7      xfun_0.52         
## [25] sass_0.4.10        viridisLite_0.4.2  timechange_0.3.0   cli_3.6.5         
## [29] withr_3.0.2        magrittr_2.0.3     digest_0.6.37      grid_4.5.1        
## [33] rstudioapi_0.17.1  hms_1.1.3          lifecycle_1.0.4    vctrs_0.6.5       
## [37] evaluate_1.0.4     glue_1.8.0         farver_2.1.2       rmarkdown_2.29    
## [41] tools_4.5.1        pkgconfig_2.0.3    htmltools_0.5.8.1